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六、比较中的省略
1. 在as…as中,as从句可省略整个谓语部分,保留主语
She sings as well as her sister. 她跟她的姐姐唱得一样好(省去了does)。
2. 可以省去谓语部分,保留主语和be、have等助动词
Susan has done as much housework as you have. (省去了done。)
3. 可以省去主语和谓语,只剩下状语
It is not as cold in Beijing as in Datong. 北京的天气没有大同冷。
4. than从句也可以省去整个谓语部分,保留主语
They say that blood is thicker than water, that our relatives are more important to us than others. 他们说血浓于水,亲属对我们来说比其他人更重要。
5. than从句省去部分谓语,保留主语和be,have或助动词
The white collar workers earn more than the blue workers do.
白领工人比蓝领工人挣得多。
这时 我们可以进行倒装,即将than后从句中的be,have或助动词移到该从句的前边
After all, big changes are relatively easier to make than are small ones.
相对来说,大变动比小变动毕竟容易些。
The fact is that some drug addicts are much better able to cure addiction in each other than are psychiatrists; some convicts can run better rehabilitation programs for convicts than do correctional officers; some patients in mental hospitals are better for each other than is the staff.
事实上,有些吸毒成瘾者与吸毒成瘾者之间戒瘾比精神病医生的作用还好;有些罪犯在改造其他罪犯方面比教改人员强;医院里的病人与病人之间的沟通比医务人员与病人间的沟通还强。
6. than从句可以省去主语和部分谓语,保留宾语
Grandma gives more candies to her grandson than her granddaughter. 奶奶给孙子的糖比给孙女的多。(省去了she gives candies to)
7. than从句可以省去主语和谓语,保留状语
There are more books in this library than in that library. 这个图书馆的书比那个多。(省去了there are many books)
She is much better than yesterday. 她比昨天好多了。(省去了she was)
Signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past. 近些年来在学校、商业和政府中欺诈的迹象比以前更多。
8. than从句可以省去主语,保留谓语部分
His speed of doing the work was much faster than had expected. 他干此事的速度远比想象的快。(省去了he或we)
9. 有时可以省去整个than从句
He is much healthier and happier. 她比以往任何时侯都健康幸福。(省去了than he was ever before)
10. 为了避免重复,我们经常用that代替不可数名词, those代替复数名词,one代替可数名词单数
七、隐含比较级
有时比较级并不一定出现than,这时通过上下文可喑示出,如:-Of the two oranges, which do you choose? -I like the larger one.这里的larger one是指前边提到的两个当中的较大的一个。而且有些形容词在表示比较的时候,跟"to"而不用"than"
1. prior to 较早的,较重要的
The task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。
I called on him prior to my departure. 动身前我去看了他一趟。
2. superior to优越,高于
In math he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。
They were resolved to rise superior to every obstacle. 他们决心战胜一切困难。
3. inferior to 下等的,次的
These apples are inferior in flavour to those. 这些苹果的味道不如那些。
4. senior to 年长的,地位高的;junior年幼的,地位低的,迟的
He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。
Her appointment is junior to mine by six weeks. 她的任命比我迟六星期。
5. preferable to 更好的
Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.
贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。
6. prefer…to 更倾向于…
I prefer this to that. 我喜欢这个而不喜欢那个。
八、最高级在特殊短语中的使用:在有下列短语的句子中,往往使用最高级
1. one of…
3. in the world(或群体名词)
九、其他有关比较的习惯表达法
1. "as +形容词(副词)+as possible"结构,表示"最…,尽可能…":"as quickly as possible"(尽量快)
2. " sooner or later"是成语,表示"迟早、早晚"
3. "would rather +动词原形+than …"是惯用句型,表示"宁愿…而不愿…",由于连词than 要求前后所比较的成分要一致
十、most表示"非常": 有时most并不表示"最……",而是作副词表示"非常"之意。其实它是much的最高级,作形容词用是"大多数"之意,前边不加the。另外much与to构成介词词组,表示"在很大程度上使……"that也可以作副词用,表示"如此,那么"相当于so
十一、形容词与副词的修饰关系: 一般来说,形容词用来作表语(与系动词连用,注意taste, feel, become等词作系动词用时,它们后的表示应该是形容词,包括ed分词)或作定语修饰名词,而形容词不能修饰形容词包括ED分词;但副词可以修饰形容词(包括ED分词),副词还可以修饰副词、动词或短语
十二、形容词与副词的位置
1. 当几个形容词共同修饰同一名词时,它们的先后顺序是:限定词→数词→描述性形容词→大小、长短、形状的形容词→色彩形容词→类属形容词→表材料形容词+被修饰的名词;或只记住限定词像a, the, my, their等词在最前边,其他词根据它们与被修饰名词关系的远近进行安排
2. 一般来说,单个副词修饰形容词时,副词放在形容词前;但enough修饰形容词时要放在形容词之后
good enough, mysterious enough
3. so修饰的是副词,而such修饰的是名词
4. 形容词修饰名词时放在前边,但修饰复合不定代词(something, someone, somebody; anything, anyone, anybody; nothing, noone, nobody)时,则放在这些词之后
something important, anything possible
十三、关于hardly, rarely, scarcely与seldom的用法
hardly"刚刚,不完全",表示程度:I hardly know him. "我几乎认不出他了",表示还是能认出或者说"我刚刚能认出他";hardly与any连用表示"几乎没有",与ever连用表示"几乎从来不"; scarcely的意思与hardly更接近。rarely"不经常",表示事物发生的频率:He rarely goes there. 他很少(不经常)去那里。seldom"很少,不经常",它与rarely更接近。
同步练习
1) The fiveyear deal obligates [A] the country to buy nine million tons [B] of grain a year [C] , three million more as [D] the old pact's minimum.
解析:D错。 改为than。
2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.
[A] in the same function [B] the same function as
[C] the function is the same as [D] and has the same function
解析:B对。本句的汉语意思是"照相机的镜头和眼睛的水晶体所起的作用相同"。
3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would
have as the amount of money borrowed.
[A] as the same value [B] the same value
[C] value as the same [D] the value is the same
解析:B对。本句的汉语意思是"消除通货膨涨会保证还的钱与借时的钱同值"。
4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.
[A] more sophisticated than
[B] much more sophisticated
[C] much sophisticated
[D] sophisticated
解析:B为正确答案。
5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth.
[A] clearest
[B] the clearest
[C] much clearer
[D] more clearer
解析:C为正确答案。
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